Though used by almost every house for structural purposes, it is a topic unfamiliar to most householders. This article aims to provide you with an understanding of what a stem wall is and why it is beneficial. To learn more about this typical construction feature, continue reading.
What is a Stem Wall?
A stem wall is an essential part of a crawl space foundation. The walls connect the home to the concrete footings. The stem wall gives the building’s overall structural stability by creating this link.
Most stem walls are only elevated a few feet above the soil, which creates the crawl space area under your home. Normally, a combination of masonry poured concrete, and rebar will make up a stem wall.
Stem walls are significant parts of any crawl space foundation. These walls connect the concrete footings that hold the home itself.
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Purpose of Stem Walls
Construction is important with several key purposes served by the stem walls:
- Structural Support: The distribution of weight by the building along the foundation can be made relatively uniform.
- Elevation: They take the building above ground to avoid penetration by moisture, hence avoiding floods.
- Resistance to soil movement: The stability in expansive soils expanding and contracting in line with their moisture levels can be offered by the stem wall.
- Aesthetics: Stem walls give the finished look that the footing would cover the foundation.
Types of Stem Walls
There are several types of stem walls, and these are categorized according to the type of construction, the environmental conditions, and the project requirements as follows:
1. Masonry Stem Walls
Masonry stem walls are made up of concrete blocks or bricks. They are strengthened with steel rebars and mortar to provide strength and durability. Such walls are generally used in residential and commercial construction because they are cost-effective and easy to install.
2. Concrete Stem Walls
Concrete stem walls are poured concrete with steel reinforcement. They are strong and can carry high loads and pressure. They are ideal for structures that need to be more durable and resistant to environmental factors.
3. Precast Stem Walls
Precast stem walls are manufactured on-site and delivered to the construction site for fixing. They offer accuracy and control, saving construction time and labor. Precast options are preferred for large-scale projects.
4. Insulated Stem Walls
Insulated stem walls apply thermal insulation materials for the maximum efficiency of building structures. The walls generally contribute to indoor temperatures, hence reducing heating and cooling cost.
How Do Stem Walls Come Together?
The construction process of a stem wall is not something that most homeowners should worry about. But with that said, understanding this process is essential if you wish to have a full grasp of how your home’s foundation works.
Excavation leads to the next step. Digging a trench around the perimeter of your area of foundation by the construction crew is done here. The completion of the trench will be followed by creating the poured concrete footing in the trench created. The concrete footing will make up most of the structural supports for your house.
Having completed the footing, the stem wall is placed on top of the footing. This will lift your home off of the ground, allowing for a useful crawl space.
Pros and Cons of Stem Walls
Now that you know what a stem wall is and how a builder would go about constructing one, it’s time to learn some of the main advantages and disadvantages of this wall type. The sections below will help explain some of the particular pros and cons of stem walls.
Advantages of Stem Walls
As we mentioned earlier, stem walls are quite common in many home foundations. The following is just a few of the top benefits that stem walls bring which make them so popular:
- Structural support: Connecting your home to buried concrete footings through stem walls gives way to considerable structural support.
- Storage space: Stem walls create a crawl space area that can be used for storage because they raise your house off the ground.
- Utility access: Accessing utilities for maintenance and replacement is made considerably simpler by the crawl space area that stem walls create.
- Flood protection: In case a flood happens, having a stem wall will assist in saving your living space as it will be elevated a few feet off the ground and hopefully out of reach of any floodwater.
- Cost-effectiveness: Even though all types of foundations come at a substantial cost, the stem wall foundation is less costly than other full basement foundations.
Stem walls are another component of the crawl space foundation. These walls connect the house to the concrete footings.
Clearly, there is a time and place for stem walls in construction. But, of course, that does not mean that there are no bad things about stem walls. Rather, the following section will identify some of the problems that may arise with stem walls.
A Few Stem Wall Downsides
Even though there are numerous advantages to stem walls, disadvantages also exist. The list below explains some of the common issues with stem walls:
- Not ideal for cold climates: The vast majority of stem walls are not deep enough into the earth in order to extend below the frost line; as such, they are often unable to withstand damage from frost heaves.
- No living space: A crawl space of stem wall construction cannot serve as secondary living space compared to the conventional full basements.
- Stem walls are in no way second-class when weighed against any type of foundation.
- Therefore, whether or not to go with a stem wall would mean determining both its positive and negative characteristics, plus talking to a consultant experienced with a specific product.
Need More Foundation Help?
Reading about stem walls doesn’t mean you know it all pertaining to keeping one together and working like it should. That’s something you’ll have to call a local foundation repair expert in for. Building a relationship with a foundation expert can better prepare you to intervene if and when the situation arises in your stem wall.
If you are in the Eastern North Carolina area, and you are looking for the answers to questions surrounding your stem walls or any other aspect of your foundation, the team at Regional Foundation & Crawl Space Repair would be glad to hear from you. We have experienced decades of foundation and crawl space repair and are confident we can lead you through all questions and concerns.